Method of manufacturing composite pipe.



- PATENTED JUNE 2. 190a.

D. A. RITCHIE. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE PIPE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 25,1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N0 Month.

I \/E for \W fi EES E5.

PATENTEDI JUNE 2, 1903.

-D. A. RITCHIE. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE PIPE.

'APPLHIATNN FILED NOV. 25, 1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

H0 MODEL.

No. 729.796. .PATENTED JUNE 2, 1903.

D. A. RITCHIE. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING GOMPOSITE'PIPE.

AFFLIOATION FILED NOV. 26, 1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEETB.

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UNITED STATES Patented June 2, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID A. RITCHIE, F CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO LAMB &

' RITCHIE, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, A FIRM.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE PIPE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 729,796, dated June 2,1903. Application filed November 25, 1902 Serial No. 132,776. (No model)To a/ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DAVID A. RITCHIE, a citizen of the United States,residing in Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex and State ofMassachusetts, have invented an Improvem ent in Methods of Manufacturing Composite Pipe, of which the following description, inconnection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, likecharacters on the draw- IO ings representing like parts. I i

This invention relates to a novel method of manufacturing compositenon-corrodible pipe composed of an outer tube of iron or steel and aninner tube of non-corrodible metal of [5 relatively lower melting-point,such as tin, lead, zinc, and the like or their alloys and substantiallysuch as shown and described in United States Patent No. 610,224, datedSeptember 6, 1898.

For convenience I shall hereinafter refer to the iron or steel tube orpipe as the primary tube and the nou-corrodible tube as the inner tube.

In accordance with this invention a mandrel for determining thethickness of the inner tube iscentered within the primary tube, andmolten non-corrodible metal is poured into the primary tube to fill thespace between the mandrel and the inner wall of the 0 primary tube. Themandrel or the primary tube is moved longitudinally one with relation tothe other, and the portion of the primary tube in line with or oppositeto the mandrel is cooled to congeal the portion of the 5 molten noncorrodible metal between the mandrel and the primary tube, while theremaining portion of the primary tube has applied to its outer surfaceheat from a source extraneous to the molten non corrodible 0 metal formaintainingthe remaining portion of the non'corrodible metal within theprimary tube in a molten condition until it in turn is congealed. Theseand other features of this invention will be pointed out in the 5 claimsat the end of this specification.

Figure 1 represents in side elevation and section an apparatus withwhich to practice this invention; Fig. 2, a plan view of the apparatusshown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a detail in perspective, on an enlarged scale,to be referred to 5 Fig. 4, a transverse sectional detail, on anenlarged scale, to be referred to; Fig. 5, a detail of the chillingdevice preferred for large sizes of pipes; Fig. 6, a detail inlongitudinal section and elevation, on an enlarged scale, to be referredto; Fig. 7, a detail of the heater-protecting device, and Fig. 8 amodified form of chilling device.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, a represents a suitable furnace for heatinga kettle or vat b, containing the non-corrodible metal 0, which, asabove stated, may be tin, lead, zinc, and like metal or theiralloys. Inthe present instance the primary tnbe d, (see Figs. 4 and 6,)

which is to be provided within it with an inner tube 6, ofnon-corrodible-metal, molecularly united thereto, is made movable withrelation to a mandrelfand a chilling device 9, and for this purpose Iemploy a movable support or carriage h, (see Fig. 3,) suitably 7csupported to reciprocate in an inclined plane,

the said carriage being shown as a bar extended transversely of a troughshaped frame iand attached at one end to a rackbarj, movablelongitudinally of said trough or. frame in suitable guideways 7c. Therack-bar j is adapted to be moved in opposite directions in any suitablemanner, and, as herein shown, the saidrack-bar is engaged by a gear Z,(see Fig. 1,) which may be rotated by suitable gearingm under control ofthe operator. The carriage his provided with. suitable means forsustaining or anchoring one end of the primary tube, or, as ispreferred, for anchoring an extension of or attachment to said primarytube. In the present instance the carriage h is shown as provided with arecess 0 (see Figs. 3 and 6) for the reception of a collar or flange pon the extension or attachment q of the primarytube, which attacho mentor extension is secured to the carriage by a locking device, shown as alever 1', pivoted to the carriage 72, and adapted to be moved overtherecess 0, the said lever having a slot 25, which is adapted to engagea bolt 5 or stud it below its head to, as clearly shown in Fig. I

The primary tube or pipe (I is provided in the present instance at itsoppositeend,which may be designated its"upper end, with a 10: hollowextension or attachment 10, (see Fig. 6,) which is provided with one ormore ports or openings 12', fora purpose as will'be described. Theprimary tube d is adapted to be moved by the carriage h over the mandrelwhich may and preferably will be tnade as herein shown and whichconsists of a cylindrical body or section composed of disks of mica orlike material and constituting the mandrel proper, an expansible section14, composed of a plurality of pieces separated from one another to formchannels through which the molten metal may flow, a rod 15, and thehollow portion or section 16, which latter is secured to a suitablesupport, shown as an upright 17, (see Fig. 3,) attached to the bottom ofthe int-lined trough or frame 2', which may be supported in any suitablemanner. The t rough orinclined run or frame 't'is made ofsufiicientlength to pertnit the carriage h to be moved downward farenough to clear the mandrel and permit the completed pipe to be removedfrom the carriage.

The hollow section 16 of the mandrel constitutes a supply-pipe for theprimary tube and in the present instanceis provided with a metal-inletport having connected with it a funnel 21, through which the moltennon-corrodible metal is admitted into said supplypipe and from which itflows out into the primary tube through the outlet ports or openings22in said supplypipe. (See Figs. 3 and 6.) The primary tube d issupported in its travel longitudinally over the mandrel by suitableguides or supports, shown as pieces of metal, (see Figs. '3 and 4,)provided with oppositely inclined ends 24 and arranged obliquely to eachother to form a substantially V- shaped space or passage, through whichthe primary tube passes while resting against the straight portion ofthe pieces 23. The guides 23 may be secured to uprights 25, fastened tothe bottom of the trough or frame 2', as clearly shown in Fig. 4. Belowthe mandrel is located a heater for maintaining the non-corrodible metalwithin the primary tube in a molten condition. Theheater referred to maybe made as herein shown and consists of one or more gas-pipes 26,provided with ports or openings 27 for the passage of the gas out of thesaid pipe. In the present instance'Ihave shown a single burner-pipe 26,provided with two longitudinal rows of gasoutlet ports 27, which aresuitably spaced, so as to cause the flame resulting frotn the ignitionof the gas to pass up under and around both sides of the pritnary tubeafter the manner represented in Fig. 4. The burner tube or pipe 26extends substantially the length of the mandrel and may be supported inany suitable manner and may be connected by suitable branch pipes 30with a pipe 31, extended longitudinally of the trough 't' below the sameand connected with a main supply-pipe 32, having a controlling cook orvalve 33. The pipe 31 may be connected by a flexible pipe 3& (seeFig. 1) with a Bunsen or other burner 35, which is suitably supportedabove the trough, as by an upright 36, and which is employed to heat thehollow extension or supply-pipe 16 to prevent cooling of the moltenmetal poured into the same. The main gas-supply 32 may also be connectedby a flexible pipe 38 with a Bunsen or other burner 39, which isemployed to heat the mandrel proper,f, and prevent chilling of themolten metal in the primary tube prior to the desired exterior chilling,which latter is accomplished by flowing or directing cold water or otherfluid through the chilling device g,which, as herein shown, consists,essentially, of a hollow body, preferably cylindrical or substantiallycylindrical in shape, and provided on its inner surface with a pluralityof out-let ports or openings 40 and having one or tnore inlet ports oropenings 42. For small sizes of primary tubes, such as one-half inch indiameter, the chilling device may he made as represented in Fig. 8 andmay be provided with a single inlet-port, whereas for large sizes ofprimary tubes-such, for instance, as from one-half inch upward indiameterthe said chilling device may be made in two parts or halves, asshown in Fig. 5, the said parts being pi votally connected, as at 44,and each provided with a fluid-inlet port. The inlet port or ports ofthe chilling device may be connected with the water-service of thebuilding or with any other suitable source of supply. As shown in Fig.5, the inlet-port for the upper half of the chilling device is connectedby a flexible pipe 45 with the supply-pipe 46 for the lower half of saiddevice. Each branch pipe 30 may be provided with a cook or valve 48 toregulate the supply of gas to the burners. The port or opening 12 in thehollow extension 10 of the primary tube serves as an oulet for thesurplus molten metal, and in order to prevent the gas-outlet ports ofthe burner in the vicinity of the mandrel being closed ,by 'the surplusmetal discharged through the said port I have provided a cover or shield(shown in Fig. 7) comprising asubstantially semicircular piece 50,adapted IIO to fit over the upper side or portion of the burner-pipe 26and provided with a handle 51.

The mandrelfand its attached expansible section 14 are detach-ablysecured to the rod 15, and when in operative position the mandrelextends wholly or partially through the chilling device, and in order tofacilitate the attachment of the mandrel to the rod 15 and itsdetachment therefrom the chilling device is left with the opening 70(shown in Fig. 8) or the upper section is movable, as shown in Fig. 5.-The mandrel may be readily attached to and detached from the rod 15 byproviding the end of the said rod with a slot, into which the upper endof the expansible section is fitted, as represented in Fig. 6.

The method of manufacturing composite pipe by the aid of the apparatusherein shown willnow be briefly described. Assume the parts to be inwhat may be termed their starting positionnamely, with the carriage 7tin its withdrawn or lowered position,

the mandrel f uncovered, and the chilling fluid shut off-which conditionis substantially represented in Figs. 1 and 2, also assume that theburners 26,- 35, and 39 are lighted. The primary tube d having beenpreviously tinned or galvanized has screwed upon its threaded ends theattachments or extensions 10 and q. The primary tube is then heated in asuitable manner, preferably by means of an apparatus not herein shown,until the said tube has been heated to substantially the melting-pointof the tin coating. It isthen placed in the trough-like frame t', withits lower end secured to the carriage h and its upper end resting on oneset of the.

guides 23. The power is then applied to move the carriage upward or inthe direction indicated by the arrow'lOO, Fig. 1, the primary tube beingguided through the chilling device and over the mandrel f. The carriagecontinues its upward travel until the lower end of the primary tube iswithin the chilling device, substantially as represented in Fig. 6. Atsuch time the upper extension or attachment 10 of the primary tube. hasbeen passed over the supply-pipe 16 and the lower end of the mand relfisextended into a threaded ring 72 within the hollow extension (1 and ofsubstantially the same diameter as the mandrel, as represented in Fig.6. The ring 72 constitutes one form of stop to arrest the downward fiowof the molten metal within the primary tube. The machine is thenstopped, and an operator at the furnace dips a quantity of the moltenmetal from the kettle Z) and pours the same into the funnel 21.

' l he molten metal flows through the port 22 into the extension 10 andthence down Within the primary tube until it meets the ring or stop 72,where its flow is stopped. A second operator now turns on the supply ofchilling fluid, which, as represented in Fig. 6, is projected againstthe outside portion of the primary tube within the chilling device andserves to congeal the portion of the molten metal between the mandreland the extension (1 and also between the mandrel and the primary tube,and thus form a portion. of the inner tube. The carriage h is thenstarted on its downward movement and the primary tube is drawn over themandrel, thus-bringing another portion of the primary tube and moltenmetal within the chillingdevice wherein the molten metal is chilled asit passes over the mandrel. This action is continued until the primarytube and the hollow extension orattachmentlOhave been drawn off from themandrel out of the chilling device, whereupon the carriage is stopped,and the composite pipe thus formed, together with the attachments 10 q,is removed from the carriage, after which the extensions or attachmentsare unscrewed from the ends of the primary tube, and any non-corrodiblemetal in said attachments is melted out, which may be accomplished bydipping the extensions in. the kettle b. During the movement of theprimary tube over the mandrel the said tube may and preferably will beturned by hand somewhat slowly, so as to avoid uneven heating of theprimary tube. With the primary tubes of small size I prefer to pour intothe same at one time a quantity of non-corrodible metal more thansufficient to form the inner tube, but with large sizes of primary tubesI prefer to make a number of pourings; but I do not desire to limitmyself in this respect. Some of the surplus metal is discharged throughthe port 12 in the hollow extension of the primary tube, and to avoidthis metal filling the ports or openings 27 in the gas-burner the coveror shield 50 is applied to the lower portion of the burner as the upperend of the primary tube approaches the chilling device, as representedin Fig. 6, when large sizes of tubes are used, the-heat from theauxiliary burner 39 being suflicient to maintain the metal in plied inthe beginning of the operation, as the' heat from the remaining portionof the burner is sufficient to maintain the non-corrodible metal moltenin these small sizes of tubes. After the composite tube is formed asabove described another tube previously prepared is placed in theapparatus, and the operation just described is repeated.

While I may prefer to employ the mandrel herein shown, I do not desireto limit myself to any particular form or construction of mandrel,provided, however, that it is constructed at its end so as to enter thering 72 or equivalent device within the attachment, and thereby insurethe free end ofthe mandrelbeing centered with relation to theprimarytube. After a portion of the inner tube has been formed as abovedescribed this portion of the inner tube acts to center the free end ofthe mandrel as the primary tube is drawn off from the mandrel.

'The upper portion of the trough or frame i may and preferably will havesecured to it a hood 80, (see Figs. 1 and4,) which acts to "collect anyfumes created by the heating ofthe coating on the outside of the primarytube and from which said fumes are drawn off'through a suitableoutlet-pipe 81, which may beconneeted with the chimney or with anysuitable exhaust apparatus.

I-may prefer to employ the apparatus herein shown for practicing themethod herein described; but I do not desire to limit my invention inthis respect.

I may prefer to pour the molten non-corrodible metal into the primarytube at its upper end; but I do not desire to limitmy invention in thisrespect.

I claim i 1. The method of manufacturing composite non-corrodible pipe,which consists in placing a primary tube of corrodible metal over amandrel, pouring molten non-corrodible metal into said primary tube,applying heat from a source extraneous to the molten noncorrodible metalto the outer surface of the primary tube formaintaining thenon-corrodible metal within the primary tube in a molten condition,moving the primary tube over the mandrel, and cooling the portion of thenon-corrodible metal which is between the mandrel and the primary tubeas the latter is moved over the mandrel, substantially as described.

2. The method of manufacturing composite non-corrodible pipe, whichconsists in placing a primary tube of corrodible metal over a mandrel,pouring molten non-corrodible metal into said primary tube, applyingheat from a source extraneous to the molten noncorrodible metal to theouter surface of the primary tube for maintaining the non-corrodiblemetal within the primary tube in a molten condition,- moving the primarytube or mandrel longitudinally one with relation to the other, andcooling the portion of the non-corrodible metal which is between themandrel and the primary tube, as the latter or the mandrel is movedlongitudinally one with relation to the other.

3. The method ofmanufacturing composite non-corrodible pipe, whichconsists in centering a mandrel Within a primary tube of corrodiblemetal, directing molten non-corrodible metal into said primary tube,applying heat from a source extraneous to the molten non-corrodiblemetal to the outer surface of the primary tube for maintaining thenoncorrodible metal within the primary tube in a molten condition,moving the primary tube or mandrel longitudinally, one with relation tothe other, and cooling the portion of the non-corrodible metal, which isbetween the mandrel and the primary tube as the said mandrel or primarytube is moved longitudinally one with relation to the other, for thepurpose specified.

4. The method of manufacturing composite non-corrodible pipe, whichconsists in centering a mandrel within a primary tube of corrodiblemetal, directing molten non-corrodible metal into said primary tube,arresting the flow of molten metal within the primary tube to fill thespace between the mandrel and the said primary tube, applying heat froma source extraneous tothe molten noncorrodible metal, to the outersurface of the primary tube for maintaining the non-corrodiblemetal in amolten condition, moving the primary tube or mandrel longitudinally onewith relation to the other, and cooling the portion of thenon-corrodible metal which is between'the mandrel and the primary tubeas the said mandrel or primary tube is moved longitudinally one withrelation to the other, for the purpose specified.

5. The method of manufacturing composite non-corrodible pipe, whichconsists in providing a primary tube of iron or steel on its innersurface with a coating of a metal which will effect a union between thecorrodible primary tube and a non-corrodible metal of relatively lowermeltingpoint, centering a mandrel within the primary tube thus prepared, directing molten non-corrodible metal into said primary tube,applying heat from a source extraneous to the molten non-corrodiblemetal to the outer surface of the primary tube for maintaining thenon-corrodible metal within the primary tube in a molten condition,moving the'primary-tube or mandrel longitudinally, one with relation tothe other, and cooling the portion of the non corrodible metal which isbetween the mandrel and the primary tube as the said mandrel or primarytube is moved longitudinally one with relation to the other, for thepurpose specified.

6. The method of manufacturing composite non-corrodible pipe,,whichconsists in centering a mandrel within a primary tube of corrodiblemetal, directing a quantity of molten non-corrodible metal into saidprimary tube to but partially fill the same, applying heat from a sourceextraneous to the molten noncorrodible metal directly to the outersurface of the primary tube for maintaining the noncorrodible metalwithin the primary tube in a molten condition, moving the primary tubeor mandrel longitudinally, one with relation to the other, and coolingthe portion of the non-corrodible metal, which is between the mandreland the primary tube as the said mandrel or primary tube is movedlongitudinally one with relation to the other, substantially asdescribed.

7., The method of manufacturing composite non-corrodible pipe, whichconsists in centeringa mandrel within a primary tube of corrodiblemetal, directing molten non-corrodible metal into 'said primary tube,applying heat from a source extraneous to the molten metal directly tothe outer surface of the primary tube for maintaining the non-corrodiblemetal Within the primary tube in a molten condition, moving the primarytube or mandrel longitudinally, one with relation to the other, andcooling the portion of the non-corrodible metal, which is between themandrel and the primary tube as the said mandrel or primary tube ismoved longitudinally one with relation to the other, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have name to this specification in the twosubscribing witnesses.

DAVID A. RITCHIE.

signed my presence of Witnesses:

J AS. H. CHURCHILL, J MURPHY.

